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1 - working vaporizable fluid
2 - vapour moves to the low-temperature end of the heat pipe
3 - heat-pipe casing
4 - manifold (wick)
5 - vapour cavity
6 - vapour condenses into liquid and is absorbed by the manifold, releasing thermal energy
7 - the working fluid returns to the high-temperature end to start the evaporating-condensing cycle anew
8 - high-temperature end
9 - ambience temperature
10 - low-temperature end

The heat-pipe technology is embedded in the latest generation of solar installations with vacuum-pipe collectors. The thermal-physical properties of the heat pipe allow for a heat transfer rate that outperforms the flat-panel collectors. Heat pipe significantly improves the heat-absorbing characteristics of vacuum-pipe collectors, reducing heat losses and increasing collector effectiveness and resistance to climatic changes.

The heat pipe technology is based on an evaporating-condensing cycle. The heat pipe is made of a thermoconductive metal (usually copper) and is enclosed within a glass tube. The heat pipe contains a small amount of vaporizable fluid. Through the special selective surface of the heat pipe, the liquid absorbs solar heat and evaporates into steam. The vapor then moves up to the condenser section and into the heat exchanger manifold, where it releases its latent heat (up to 250°С) to the fluid in the manifold. The working fluid then condenses and returns to the evaporator section gravitationally. The evaporating-condensing cycle repeats continuously.